1).29,32 With respect to the vascular system, rGLP-1 activation induces modest decreases in blood pressure,33,34 it has a vasodilator effect, improves arterial stiffness, and prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation-and has plaque stabilizing effects-through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as demonstrated in animal models.29,32,3538 Despite controversies about rGLP-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, studies have shown that arGLP-1 has antiproliferative effects on these cells,39 reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and increases nitric oxide production in experimental models.3540 In the heart they produce a discrete increase in heart rate (24 beats/min), although this does not seem to be associated with an increase in arrhythmias or cardiovascular events
Biologic therapy remains a key option for moderate to severe HS
Can you use tretinoin if you have rosacea
Weight Regain Timeline and Metabolic Rebound Research published through 2025 indicates that patients who discontinue GLP-1 without lifestyle modification regain 2550% of lost weight within 12 months, with some regaining most or all weight within 1824 months
)
)
