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Smoking-driven restructuring of gastrointestinal microbial communities Beyond the respiratory tract, cigarette smoke exerts profound systemic effects that extend to the gastrointestinal ecosystemthe largest and most metabolically active microbial reservoir in the human body

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But even that, analyzed as intention to treat, would leave us guessing about how to correct for the effects of residual confounding from smoking

Age-related macular degeneration is a risk, too