Mitochondrial dysfunction ( m -Dys)/altered bioenergetics The mitochondrion is the cellular powerhouse involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP synthesis, and regulation of calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling, redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, cell differentiation, immune system, apoptosis, and cellular senescence (aging) 155,156
Notably, the relative expression level of GDF9, an oocyte-specific growth factor, is significantly increased (Heydarnejad et al., 2019)
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Data availability The original contributions presented in the study are publicly available