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Although toxin levels and biologic effects are generally lower than those of tobacco smoke. As a result, they argued that the potential effectiveness of e-cigarettes in helping smokers quit must be balanced against known and potential safety concerns and that the trials findings must be considered in the context of FDA-approved medications for smoking cessation that have acceptable safety profiles. They recommended that e-cigarettes be used only when FDA-approved treatments (combined with behavioral counseling) fail, that patients be advised to use the lowest dose [of nicotine] needed to manage their cravings, and that there be a clear timeline and off ramp for use. They also recommended that health care providers monitor their patients use of e-cigarettes, like other pharmacologic smoking-cessation treatments. Potential Implications for Youth Adult use of e-cigarettes has potential implications for younger populations, Drs

Gilpin DF, McGown KA, Gallagher K, Bengoechea J, Dumigan A, Einarsson G, Elborn JS, Tunney MM

The sugar was primarily added as an extra calorie boost for the ration and to sweeten the fruit drink

School-based programmes for preventing smoking