doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437939 Received 24 May 2024 Accepted 03 July 2024 Published 25 July 2024 Volume 15 - 2024 Edited by Marcos Roberto De Oliveira, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Reviewed by Rosella Abeti, University College London, United Kingdom Andreia Neves Carvalho, University of Lisbon, Portugal Updates Copyright 2024 Mayer, Riera-Ponsati, Kauppinen, Klitgaard, Erler and Hansen
Abbreviations 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5-HT: Serotonin 5-HT 2A/1A R: Serotonin 1/2A receptor 5-HTP: 5-Hydroxytryptophan AA: Amino acid AADC: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase ACC: Anterior cingulate gyrus ADC: Agmatine decarboxylase ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADP: Adenosine diphosphate AGM: Agmatine AGMAT: Agmatinase Amg: Amygdala ARR2: Beta-arrestin-2 ARG: L-Arginine ARG I/II: Arginase I/II ASD: Autism spectrum disorder ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor CAT: Catalase Cereb: Cerebellum CN: Caudate nucleus CNS: Central nervous system COMT: Catechol-O-methyltransferase CoQ: Coenzyme Q CREB: cAMP-response element binding protein Cyt c: Cytochrome c D D1/D2 R: Dopamine D1/2 receptor DA: Dopamine DAT: Dopamine transporter DBH: Dopamine beta-hydroxylase DDC: DOPA decarboxylase DMT: N, N-Dimethyltryptamine DRn: Dorsal raphe nucleus Drp1: Dynamin-related protein 1 EC: Entorhinal cortex ECC: Enterochromaffin cell ENS: Enteric nervous system ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases ETC: Electron transport chain FAD/FADH 2 : Flavin adenine dinucleotide FC: Frontal cortex FDOPA: Fluorine-18-labelled fluorodopa FG: Fusiform gyrus Fis1: Mitochondrial fission 1 protein GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA A1/A2/A3/B3 R: GABA A1/A2/A3/B3 receptor(s) GAD: Glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme GI: Gastrointestinal GIT: Gastrointestinal tract Glu: Glutamate GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide Hipp: Hippocampus HPA: 4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde HVA: Homovanillic acid I V: Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I - V IAA: Indoleacetic acid IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease IBS-D: Diarrhoea predominant IBS IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome INMT: Indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase L-DOPA: Levodopa L-Phe: L-Phenylalanine L-Trp: L-Tryptophan L-Tyr: L-Tyrosine m-TYR/3-MT: 3-Methoxytyramine MAO-A/B: Monoamine oxidase-A/B MDA: Malondialdehyde MET: Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor MFN1/2: Mitofusin 1/2 MnSOD: Manganese superoxide dismutase mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore mRNA: Messenger RNA MSNs: Medium spiny neurons mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA MTX2: Metaxin 2 NAc: Nucleus accumbens NAD + /NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP + /NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NEFL: Neurofilament protein NMPEA: N-Methylphenethylamine NMTRP: N-Methyltryptamine NMTYR: N-Methyltyramine NST: Nigrostriatal pathway OCT: Octopamine ODC: Ornithine decarboxylase OPA1: Optic atrophy 1 ORN: Ornithine PAA: Phenylacetic acid PAH: Phenylalanine hydroxylase PAO: Polyamine oxidase PCC: Posterior cingulate cortex -PEA: -Phenethylamine PFC: Prefrontal cortex PHC: Parahippocampal cortex Pir: Piriform PNMT: Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase PPP: Platelet poor plasma Prx(SH) 2 /Prx-S 2 : Peroxiredoxin reduced/oxidised PrxR: Peroxiredoxin reductase Pu: Putamen PUT: Putrescine QH 2 : Dihydroxyquinone ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCFA: Short chain fatty acid SERT: Serotonin transporter SMOX: Spermine oxidase SNPs: Single nucleotide polymorphisms SOD1/2: Superoxide dismutase 1/2 SPD: Spermidine SPDS: Spermidine synthase SPM: Spermine SPMS: Spermine synthase SSAT: Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase STC: Superior temporal cortex SYN: Synephrine TA: Trace amine TAAR1/2/6/7: Trace amine associated receptor 1/2/6/7 TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase TH1-ir: Tyrosine hydroxylase 1 immunoreactive TPH1/2: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1/2 TPH-ir: Tryptophan hydroxylase immunoreactive TRP: Tryptamine Trx(SH) 2 /Trx-S 2 : Thioredoxin reduced/oxidised TrxR: Thioredoxin reductase r-TYR: R-Tyramine VMAT2: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 VNTR: Variable number tandem repeat VPA: Valproic acid ZF: Zebrafish References Aaron E, Montgomery A, Ren X, Guter S, Anderson G, Carneiro AMD, Jacob S, Mosconi M, Pandey GN, Cook E, Veenstra-VanderWeele J
doi: 10.1085/jgp.201711801
9,26 The relative risk of venous thrombosis in women who have predisposing conditions is twice that of women without such medical conditions
