The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( NFE2L2 or NRF2) transcription factor is constitutively activated in many cancers and promotes a specific gene expression program involved in cellular detoxification, redox buffering, and metabolic rewiring (Cancer Genome Atlas Research, 2012
Interestingly, among the proteins that showed increased phosphorylation, most of them were synaptic proteins associated with pre-synaptic short-term plasticity (e.g., Syn1, Rims1), post-synaptic density structure (e.g., scaffolding proteins, actin remodeling), glutamate receptors (e.g., Grin2b/5), or inhibition of translation (e.g., AMPK) (Wang et al., 2018)
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As research continues, scientists uncover new ways peptides may act at a cellular level to promote healing